Screening and check-ups

Why screen?

Cervical cancer is largely preventable through HPV vaccination and regular screening, and it can be cured if found early. Screening looks for changes before cancer develops, before there are any symptoms. So feeling well is no reason to skip it.

Pap and HPV tests

Both use a small sample from the cervix. Intervals differ between countries. As an example, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists advises:

• Ages 21 to 29: a Pap test every three years
• Ages 30 to 65: an HPV test every five years, or both tests together every five years
• Over 65: may not be needed if earlier screening was regular and normal

The World Health Organization suggests screening with a high-performance test every 5 to 10 years from age 30. Your doctor sets the right schedule for you, especially if you have had an abnormal result. For the day of the test, read this article.

HPV infection is very common and usually clears on its own. A positive result does not mean cancer. It means follow-up is needed.

HPV vaccine

The World Health Organization gives priority to girls aged 9 to 14. If you are older, ask your doctor whether it would help you. The vaccine does not replace screening.

Gynecological check-ups

A routine visit is not only for a Pap test. It is a chance to talk about periods, contraception, plans for pregnancy, your sex life and anything that worries you. Mammography and bone density tests are requested according to your age and history.

Menopause

It usually comes between 45 and 55, but can be earlier. The first sign is often a change in periods. Other signs include:

• Hot flushes and night sweats
• Poor sleep
• Mood changes, low spirits and forgetfulness
• Vaginal dryness, burning or itching, and pain during sex
• More urinary infections

These vary greatly from woman to woman. If they disrupt your life, there are ways to control them, so talk to your doctor. Bleeding after menopause is not normal and should be checked.